Abstract
AIM: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R SF), an instrument with international evidence that measures enhancement, social, coping, and conformity motives. METHODS: A non-probabilistic sample of 376 participants (67.6% women; age average 30.8 years) completed the DMQ-R SF, the short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and self-reported measures of alcohol use. RESULTS: The tetra-factorial structure of the DMQ-R SF showed adequate reliability. However, it was not invariant between young people and adults. Associations with emotional distress in young people were limited to the coping motives. In addition, the social motives were longitudinally associated with binge drinking among young people, whereas in adults, the enhancement motives were related to weekly quantity of drinks. CONCLUSIONS: the DMQ-R SF presented evidence of structural validity and reliability, it is not invariant between young people and adults, showed concurrent associations with emotional distress in young people, and presented evidence of predictive validity with alcohol use in young people and adults. Information provided by the DMQ-R SF about drinking motives in young people and adults may contribute to the design of prevention and treatment strategies related to alcohol use.
References
Antúnez, Z. y Vinet, E. (2012). Escalas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21): Validación de la versión abreviada en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Terapia Psicológica, 30(1), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-48082012000300005
Appleton, A., James, R. y Larsen, J. (2018). The association between mental wellbeing, levels of harmful drinking, and drinking motivations: A cross-sectional study of the UK adult population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071333
Beneventi-Balocchi, F., Ibáñez-Bustos, J., Parra, M y Rodríguez, O. (2018). Validación de Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF) en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Temuco [Tesina de licenciatura no publicada]. Universidad de La Frontera.
Bland, J. M. y Altman, D. G. (1997). Statistics notes: Cronbach's alpha. BMJ, 314(7080), 572. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7080.572
Borsari, B. y Carey, K. (2006). How the quality of peer relationships influences college alcohol use. Drug and Alcohol Review, 25(4), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230600741339
Caneto, F., Cupani, M. y Pilatti, A. (2014). Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de motivos de consumo de alcohol para Argentina. Revista de Psicología, 23(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2014.32871
Castillo-Carniglia, Á., Kaufman, J. y Pino, P. (2013). Alcohol-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost in Chile in 2009. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 48(6), 729-736. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agt066
Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117
Cooper, M. L., Russell, M., Skinner, J. B. y Windle, M. (1992). Development and validation of a three-dimensional measure of drinking motives. Psychological Assessment, 4(2), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.2.123
Cox, W. M. y Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(2), 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.97.2.168
Crutzen, R. y Kuntsche, E. (2013). Validation of the four-dimensional structure of drinking motives among adults. European Addiction Research, 19(4), 222-226. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345457
D'Aquino, S., Callinan, S., Smit, K., Mojica-Perez, Y. y Kuntsche, E. (2022). Why do adults drink alcohol? Development and validation of a drinking motives questionnaire for adults. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 37(3), 402-415. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000877
Diulio, A. R., Dutta, N. M., Gauthier, J. M., Witte, T. K., Correia, C. J. y Angarano, D. (2015). Associations among depressive symptoms, drinking motives, and risk for alcohol-related problems in veterinary students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 42(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.0914-093R
Eiroá, F., Fernández, I. y Pérez, P. (2008). Cuestionarios psicológicos e investigación en Internet: Una revisión de la literatura. Anales de Psicología, 24(1), 150-157. https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/32871/31721
Fornell, C. y Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Gardner, M. y Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study. Developmental Psychology, 41(4), 625-635. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.625
Geusens, F. y Beullens, K. (2017). Strategic self-presentation or authentic communication? Predicting adolescents' alcohol references on social media. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78(1), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2017.78.124
Hammarberg, A., Öster, C. y Nehlin, C. (2017). Drinking motives of adult patients seeking treatment for problematic alcohol use. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 36(2), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2017.1291052
Hauck-Filho, N., Teixeira, M. A. P. y Cooper, M. L. (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R). Addictive Behaviors, 37(4), 524-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.023
Hilbe, J. M. (2017). The statistical analysis of count data / El análisis estadístico de los datos de recuento. Cultura y Educación, 29(3), 409-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/11356405.2017.1368162
Hu, L.-T. y Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. En R. H. Hoyle (ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76-99). Sage Publications.
Kenney, S., Lac, A., LaBrie, J. W., Hummer, J. F. y Pham, A. (2013). Mental health, sleep quality, drinking motives, and alcohol-related consequences: A path-analytic model. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 74(6), 841-851. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2013.74.841
Kuntsche, E. y Müller, S. (2012). Why do young people start drinking? Motives for first-time alcohol consumption and links to risky drinking in early adolescence. European Addiction Research, 18(1), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1159/000333036
Kuntsche, E. y Kuntsche, S. (2009). Development and validation of the Drinking Motive Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF). Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38(6), 899-908. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410903258967
Kuntsche, E., Gabhainn, S., Roberts, C., Windlin, B., Vieno, A., Bendtsen, P., Hublet, A., Tynjälä, J., Välimaa, R., Dankulincová, Z., Aasvee, K., Demetrovics, Z., Farkas, J., Van der Sluijs, W., Gaspar de Matos, M., Mazur, J. y Wicki, M. (2014). Drinking motives and links to alcohol use in 13 European countries. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(3), 428-437. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.428
Kuntsche, E., Knibbe, R., Gmel, G. y Engels, R. (2006). Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addictive Behaviors, 31(10), 1844-1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.028
Laghi, F., Baiocco, R., Lonigro, A. y Baumgartner, E. (2013). Exploring the relationship between identity status development and alcohol consumption among Italian adolescents. The Journal of Psychology, 147(3), 277-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2012.688075
Lebeaut, A., Tran, J. K. y Vujanovic, A. (2020). Posttraumatic stress, alcohol use severity, and alcohol use motives among firefighters: The role of anxiety sensitivity. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106353
Lees, B., Stapinski, L. A., Prior, K., Sunderland, M., Newton, N., Baillie, A., Teesson, M. y Mewton, L. (2020). Exploring the complex inter-relations between internalising symptoms, executive functioning and alcohol use in young adults. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106351
Lewis, M. A., Hove, M. C., Whiteside, U., Lee, C. M., Kirkeby, B. S., Oster-Aaland, L., Neighbors, C. y Larimer, M. E. (2008). Fitting in and feeling fine: Conformity and coping motives as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and problematic drinking. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(1), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.22.1.58
Mackinnon, S., Couture, M., Cooper, M., Kuntsche, E., O'Connor, R. y Stewart, S. (2017). Cross-cultural comparisons of drinking motives in 10 countries: Data from the DRINC project. Drug and Alcohol Review, 36(6), 721-730. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12464
Margozzini, P. y Sapag, J. (2015). El consumo riesgoso de alcohol en Chile: Tareas pendientes y oportunidades para las políticas públicas. Temas de la Agenda Pública, 10(75), 1-15. https://tinyurl.com/4af4j6ba
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T. y Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11(3), 320-341. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2
McNally, A., Palfai, T., Levine, R. y Moore, B. (2003). Attachment dimensions and drinking-related problems among young adults: The mediational role of coping motives. Addictive Behaviors, 28(6), 1115-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(02)00224-1
Mezquita, L., Stewart, S. H., Ibáñez, M. I., Ruipérez, M. A., Villa, H., Moya, J. y Ortet, G. (2011). Drinking motives in clinical and general populations. European Addiction Research, 17(5), 250-261. https://doi.org/10.1159/000328510
Milfont, T. L. y Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.857
Ministerio de Salud. (2010). Encuesta Nacional de Salud ENS Chile 2009-2010. Gobierno de Chile. https://tinyurl.com/mrbxsvr9
Mohr, C., Mccabe, C., Haverly, S., Hammer, L. y Carlson, K. (2018). Drinking motives and alcohol use: The SERVe study of U.S. current and former service members. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 79(1), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2018.79.79
Németh, Z., Kuntsche, E., Urbán, R., Farkas, J. y Demetrovics, Z. (2011b). Why do festival goers drink? Assessment of drinking motives using the DMQ-R SF in a recreational setting. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00193.x
Németh, Z., Urbán, R., Kuntsche, E., Moreno, E., Roales, J. G., Farkas, J., Futaki, L., Kun, B., Mervó, B., Oláh, A. y Demetrovics, Z. (2011a). Drinking motives among Spanish and Hungarian young adults: A cross-national study. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 46(3), 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agr019
O'Donnell, R., Richardson, B., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Liknaitzky, P., Arulkadacham, L., Dvorak, R. y Staiger, P. (2019). Ecological momentary assessment of drinking in young adults: An investigation into social context, affect and motives. Addictive Behaviors, 98, 106019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.008
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo y Consejo Nacional para el Control de Estupefacientes. (2006). Estudio sobre la representación social del fenómeno de las drogas y la prevención del consumo de estas en población universitaria. Contrato PNUD-CONACE N.º 20060441. https://tinyurl.com/mrzyy66m
Rehm, J., Kehoe, T., Gmel, G., Stinson, F., Grant, B. y Gmel, G. (2010). Statistical modeling of volume of alcohol exposure for epidemiological studies of population health: The US example. Population Health Metrics, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-8-3
Rhemtulla, M., Brosseau-Liard, P. É. y Savalei, V. (2012). When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 354-373. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029315
Román, F., Vinet, E. y Alarcón, A. (2014). Escalas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21): Adaptación y propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes secundarios de Temuco. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 23(2), 179-190. https://tinyurl.com/4trk9wau
Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
Sass, D. A. y Schmitt, T. A. (2013). Testing measurement and structural invariance: Implications for practice. En T. Timothy (ed.), Handbook of quantitative methods for educational research (pp. 315-345). Brill Sense. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-404-8_15
Savalei, V. y Falk, C. F. (2014). Robust two-stage approach outperforms robust full information maximum likelihood with incomplete nonnormal data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(2), 280-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.882692
Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D. y Patton, G. C. (2018). The age of adolescence. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 2(3), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30022-1
Schelleman-Offermans, K., Kuntsche, E. y Knibbe, R. A. (2011). Associations between drinking motives and changes in adolescents' alcohol consumption: A full cross-lagged panel study. Addiction, 106(7), 1270-1278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03423.x
Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol. (2021). Décimo cuarto estudio nacional de drogas en población general de Chile, 2020. Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública, Chile. https://www.senda.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Estudio-PG2020.pdf
Smith, W. (2008). Does gender influence online survey participation? A record-linkage analysis of university faculty online survey response behavior. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED501717.pdf
StataCorp. (2021). Stata statistical software: Release 17. StataCorp LLC.
Wicki, M., Kuntsche, E. y Gmel, G. (2010). Drinking at European universities? A review of students' alcohol use. Addictive Behaviors, 35(11), 913-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.06.015
World Health Organization. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/112736/978692763eng.pdf?sequence=1
World Health Organization. (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241565639
Zamboanga, B., Wickham, R., Pilatti, A., George, A., King, K., Van Hedger, K., Dresler, E. y Ford, K. (2023). Examining the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised Short Form among university students in Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. Drug and Alcohol Review, 42(3), 729-739. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13594